Due to racist policies, African Americans were often pushed into slums, high-population areas that required families to sublet their housing, which contributed to the rapid decay of the structures.
Discriminatory zoning practices were so frequently used in the Cleveland area that one case, Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co. A key issue in the case asked if zoning ordinances in effect violated the Fourteenth Amendment and equal protection of the laws. The Supreme Court ruled that the government had a vested interest in regulating land use and neighborhood composition. During this thirty year time period, hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved from the South to the North.
In the South, most African Americans had few rights and opportunities. Many of these people worked as sharecroppers, tenant farmers, or as day laborers. With the beginning of World War I, a number of jobs opened in Northern industries. Many businesses increased production to meet wartime needs.
Many white men joined the armed forces of the United States military and were sent to Europe to fight. While some African American men also enlisted in the armed forces, many others migrated to the North to fill these positions. Estimates vary, but possibly as many as , African Americans moved from the South to the North during the s and the early s. Negro Migration During the War. Spear, Allan. Trotter, Joe W. Trotter, Joe William. Tuttle, William M. Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of New York: Atheneum, Wilkerson, Isabel.
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